What is insomnia?
Insomnia describes difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early despite having an opportunity to sleep. It may be short-lived during stressful periods or become persistent and affect daytime energy, mood and concentration.
Common contributing factors
Stress, irregular sleep schedules, caffeine, alcohol, pain, certain medicines and health conditions can all contribute. Identifying patterns in your routine and symptoms can help a healthcare professional assess what is happening.
Practical habits to support sleep
- Keep a consistent wake-up time, including weekends.
- Build a relaxing wind-down routine before bed.
- Limit caffeine later in the day and avoid relying on alcohol to fall asleep.
- Make your bedroom dark, quiet and comfortable.
- If you remain awake for a long time, try a quiet activity and return to bed when sleepy.
When to get medical advice
Speak with a clinician if sleep difficulties persist, affect daily life, or occur alongside loud snoring, breathing pauses or severe daytime sleepiness. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a commonly recommended treatment approach.
Medication safety
Some sleep medicines can cause next-day impairment and may carry risks of tolerance or dependence. Do not increase a dose, combine medicines with alcohol, or stop a prescribed medicine abruptly without professional advice. A clinician can help weigh benefits, risks and alternatives.
This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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